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Tomb of the Red Queen
The Tomb of the Red Queen is a burial chamber containing the remains of an unknown noblewoman located inside Temple XIII in the ruins of the ancient Maya city of Palenque, now the Palenque National Park, in the Chiapas state in southern Mexico. It has been dated to between 600 and 700 AD. The tomb was discovered in 1994 by the Mexican archeologist Arnoldo Gonzalez Cruz. It takes its popular name from the fact that the remains of the noblewoman and the objects in the sarcophagus were covered with bright red cinnabar powder when the tomb was discovered.〔http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologic7/ss/Palenque-Walking-Tour_4.htm Archeology.about.com article on Temple XIII and the structures of Palenque (Retrieved August 3, 2013)〕
==Temple XIII==
Palenque was one of the most wealthy and powerful of the Maya city states in Pre-Columbian Central America. It was located in the foothills of the Chiapas mountains, on a site where several rivers come together, with waterfalls and pools; the name of the site in modern Mayan is Lakamha, or "big water." The site was first occupied in the early Classical Period (200-600 AD) and fell in about 800 AD. The City went into a decline and was gradually abandoned and reclaimed by the jungle.
Spanish explorers first visited the site in 1773 and 1784, and a Spanish military expedition was sent to the city in 1786; they broke down walls searching for treasure, but did not find the royal tombs. Several explorers visited the city in the 19th century, making drawings and publishing reports about the ruins. In 1948, an archeologist, Alberto Ruz Lhuillier, discovered the hidden entrance to the Pyramid of the Inscriptions, and four years later he opened the tomb of Pakal, with its treasures; but Temple XIII remained unexplored for decades.
The ruins of Palenque cover an area of about a square mile. with hundreds of structures. In the center of the city is a large palace and a group of three pyramids, located on the Great Plaza, or main square. The largest pyramid, the Pyramid of the Inscriptions, was constructed especially for the remains of Pakal or Pakal the Great, who ruled from 615 AD until 683 AD, the period of the city's greatest glory. An internal stairway with a concealed entrance on the side of the pyramid led down to the burial chamber beneath the pyramid. Next to it are two smaller but similar pyramids, Temple XIII is next to the Pyramid of the Inscriptions, and much smaller in size. It is about twelve meters high, built in steps, with an external stairway leading to the top. An internal stairway led into the center of the pyramid, but it had completely collapsed and was blocked by debris.In 1973 the archeologist Jorge Acosta explored the first two levels of Temple XIII, but he did not find the entrance to the burial chamber.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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